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Learn by grammar function

Vietnamese Connectors

Coordinate, choose, add, contrast, and sequence ideas naturally.

A1Very commonConnectors

cũng

also

cũng is commonly used to mean "also" and is an essential Vietnamese structure for learners.

NeutralBeginner

Tôi cũng học tiếng Việt.

I also study Vietnamese.

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A1Very commonConnectors

and; and also

và is commonly used to mean "and" or "and also" and is an essential Vietnamese structure for learners.

NeutralBeginner

Tôi thích cà phê và trà.

I like coffee and tea.

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A2Very commonConnectors

ngoài ra

Besides; Additionally

'ngoài ra' is commonly used to mean 'besides' or 'in addition', an important connector for learners.

NeutralElementary

Tôi học tiếng Việt. Ngoài ra, tôi cũng học tiếng Anh.

I study Vietnamese. Besides, I also study English.

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A2Very commonConnectors

ngoài ... ra

Except for ...; Besides ...

'ngoài ... ra' is commonly used to mean 'except for' or 'besides', an essential structure for learners.

NeutralElementary

Ngoài tiếng Anh ra, tôi còn biết tiếng Anh.

Besides English, I also know English.

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A2CommonConnectors

không những ... mà còn

Not only... but also

'không những ... mà còn' is commonly used to express 'not only... but also', an essential structure for learners.

NeutralElementary

Anh ấy không những hát hay mà còn nhảy đẹp.

He not only sings well but also dances beautifully.

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A2Very commonConnectors

vừa ... vừa

Both... and...; At the same time...

'vừa ... vừa' is commonly used to express 'both... and...' or 'at the same time...', an essential structure for learners.

NeutralElementary

Tôi vừa ăn sáng vừa nghe nhạc.

I am eating breakfast and listening to music at the same time.

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B2CommonConnectors

nghe nói

heard that; it is said

'nghe nói' means "heard that" or "it is said." Its actual function and register depend on the sentence structure and examples in this lesson.

SpokenUpper intermediate

Nghe nói anh ấy sắp sang Việt Nam.

I heard that he is about to go to Vietnam.

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B2Medium frequencyConnectors

vả lại

moreover; besides

'vả lại' means 'moreover' or 'besides'. Its function and style depend on the lesson's structure and examples.

NeutralUpper intermediate

Tôi không muốn đi. Vả lại, hôm nay trời mưa.

I don't want to go. Moreover, it's raining today.

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B2CommonConnectors

hơn nữa

Moreover; Besides

'hơn nữa' means "moreover" or "besides." Its function and style depend on the sentence structure and examples in this lesson.

NeutralUpper intermediate

Anh ấy làm việc nhanh. Hơn nữa, anh ấy rất cẩn thận.

He works quickly. Moreover, he is very careful.

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C1CommonConnectors

nói cách khác

in other words

'nói cách khác' means 'in other words'. Its function and style depend on the sentence structure and examples in this lesson.

WrittenAdvanced

Nói cách khác, bạn không thể dịch từng chữ.

In other words, you cannot translate word for word.

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C1CommonConnectors

nói chung

generally speaking, overall

'nói chung' means 'generally speaking' or 'overall'. Its function and style depend on the sentence structure and examples in this lesson.

WrittenAdvanced

Nói chung, cấu trúc này khá dễ hiểu.

Generally speaking, this structure is quite easy to understand.

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C1CommonConnectors

tóm lại

In summary

'tóm lại' means "in summary" or "to sum up." Its actual function and style depend on the sentence structure and examples in this lesson.

WrittenAdvanced

Tóm lại, bạn cần nhớ vị trí của từ này.

In summary, you need to remember the position of this word.

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B2CommonConnectors

về cơ bản

basically

về cơ bản summarizes the main situation, meaning "basically."

WrittenUpper intermediate

Về cơ bản, cấu trúc này giống tiếng Anh.

Basically, this structure is similar to English.

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B2CommonConnectors

trên thực tế

in fact; actually

trên thực tế introduces the actual situation, often contrasting with appearances or expectations.

WrittenUpper intermediate

Trên thực tế, câu này không tự nhiên lắm.

In fact, this sentence is not very natural.

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C1Medium frequencyConnectors

xét cho cùng

ultimately; in the end

xét cho cùng is used to conclude an argument with a fundamental judgment.

FormalAdvanced

Xét cho cùng, học ngữ pháp là học cách dùng câu.

Ultimately, learning grammar is learning how to use sentences.

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B2CommonConnectors

không chỉ vậy

not only that; moreover

không chỉ vậy adds further information beyond the previous point.

WrittenUpper intermediate

Cấu trúc này thường gặp. Không chỉ vậy, nó còn dễ dùng sai.

This structure is common. Not only that, it is also easy to misuse.

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B2CommonConnectors

nói một cách

to say in a ... way; to put it ...

nói một cách formally describes the manner or style of speaking or analysis.

WrittenUpper intermediate

Nói một cách đơn giản, thì không giống là.

Simply put, thì is not the same as là.

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C1Medium frequencyConnectors

nói rộng ra

Broadly speaking; To expand the scope

nói rộng ra is used to broaden the discussion from a specific case to a wider perspective.

FormalAdvanced

Nói rộng ra, vấn đề này liên quan đến cách tư duy ngôn ngữ.

Broadly speaking, this issue relates to ways of thinking about language.

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C1Medium frequencyConnectors

nói hẹp lại

Narrowly speaking; To narrow the scope

nói hẹp lại is used to narrow the discussion to a specific aspect or level.

FormalAdvanced

Nói hẹp lại, bài này chỉ bàn về vị trí của thì.

Narrowly speaking, this article only discusses the position of tense.

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B2CommonConnectors

nói cách khác là

In other words

'nói cách khác là' is used to restate the previous content in a clearer or more direct way.

WrittenUpper intermediate

Nói cách khác là bạn không nên dịch từng chữ.

In other words, you shouldn't translate word for word.

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A2CommonConnectors

mà còn

And also; Moreover

mà còn adds additional information, often paired with không những to mean "not only... but also."

NeutralElementary

Câu này không những ngắn mà còn tự nhiên.

This sentence is not only short but also natural.

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B2CommonConnectors

nói cho đúng

to say accurately

The phrase nói cho đúng is used to correct or clarify a previous statement.

NeutralUpper intermediate

Nói cho đúng, “thì” không phải là “là”.

To be precise, “thì” is not “là”.

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B1CommonConnectors

nói cho dễ hiểu

to say more understandably

The phrase nói cho dễ hiểu is used to simplify or clarify a statement.

NeutralIntermediate

Nói cho dễ hiểu, thì giống như một dấu hiệu chủ đề.

To put it simply, thì is like a topic marker.

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A2Very commonConnectors

sau đó

Then; After that

'sau đó' indicates the next step or subsequent event.

NeutralElementary

Tôi học từ mới. Sau đó, tôi làm bài tập.

I learn new words. Then, I do exercises.

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A2Very commonConnectors

tiếp theo

Next; Following step

'tiếp theo' introduces the next step, part, or topic.

NeutralElementary

Tiếp theo, chúng ta học cách dùng thì.

Next, we learn how to use tenses.

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A2Very commonConnectors

trước tiên

First of all

'trước tiên' introduces the first step or main point.

NeutralElementary

Trước tiên, bạn cần đăng nhập.

First of all, you need to log in.

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B1CommonConnectors

đồng thời

simultaneously; and

đồng thời indicates that two things happen or exist at the same time.

WrittenIntermediate

Khóa học giúp luyện nghe, đồng thời mở rộng từ vựng.

This course helps practice listening, and at the same time expands vocabulary.

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B1CommonConnectors

bên cạnh đó

besides that; in addition

bên cạnh đó is used to add another related point, meaning "in addition."

WrittenIntermediate

Trang này có ví dụ. Bên cạnh đó, còn có bài tập.

This page has examples. In addition, there are exercises.

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B1CommonConnectors

ngoài việc

besides doing...; in addition to doing...

ngoài việc is used to indicate that besides one action or thing, there is also something else.

NeutralIntermediate

Ngoài việc học ngữ pháp, tôi còn luyện nghe.

Besides studying grammar, I also practice listening.

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B1CommonConnectors

kể cả

including; even

'kể cả' means to include something, often with the sense of 'even' or 'including'.

NeutralIntermediate

Tất cả mọi người đều đến, kể cả giáo viên.

Everyone came, including the teacher.

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B1CommonConnectors

bao gồm

including

'bao gồm' is used to formally list included items.

WrittenIntermediate

Bài học này bao gồm ba phần.

This lesson includes three parts.

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B1CommonConnectors

chẳng hạn

for example; such as

'chẳng hạn' is used to give examples, similar to 'for example' or 'such as'.

NeutralIntermediate

Bạn nên học thêm từ nối, chẳng hạn như sau đó và ngoài ra.

You should learn more conjunctions, such as 'sau đó' and 'ngoài ra'.

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B2Medium frequencyConnectors

nói riêng

Specifically speaking; Regarding... specifically

nói riêng is used to shift from a general scope to a specific subject.

WrittenUpper intermediate

Ngữ pháp nói chung không khó, nhưng trợ từ nói riêng cần học kỹ.

Grammar generally isn't difficult, but the particle nói riêng needs careful study.

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B1Very commonConnectors

nói chung

Generally speaking; Overall

nói chung is used to make a general summary or overview.

NeutralIntermediate

Nói chung, tiếng Việt không quá khó.

Generally speaking, Vietnamese is not too difficult.

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