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Grammar point
A1Very commonNegationNeutralBeginner

Vietnamese 'không' Usage (not/no)

'không' is commonly used to express negation such as 'not' or 'no'.

Quick explanation

Quick explanation

'không' is commonly used to express negation such as 'not' or 'no'.

English meanings

  • not
  • no
  • do not
  • does not

Grammar pattern

S + không + V/Adj

Examples

1

Tôi không uống cà phê.

I do not drink coffee.

2

Hôm nay tôi không rảnh.

I am not free today.

How to use it

'không' is placed before verbs or adjectives to negate actions, states, or qualities. It cannot replace more specific negations like 'chưa' (not yet) or 'không phải' (is not).

  • The basic structure is subject + không + verb or adjective.
  • For negating identity, 'không phải' is commonly used.
  • Yes/no questions often use the pattern 'Có ... không?'.

Compared with English

Compared with English

English distinguishes 'not' and 'no' with complex rules; Vietnamese 'không' is a general negation. For 'not yet', Vietnamese uses 'chưa', and for 'is not', 'không phải' is often used.

Common mistakes

Tôi uống không cà phê.

Tôi không uống cà phê.

'không' must be placed before the verb it negates.

Tôi không sinh viên.

Tôi không phải là sinh viên.

For negating identity, 'không phải' is more natural.

Commonly confused grammar

Practice

Multiple choice

Which sentence correctly places 'không'?

Show answer
  • Tôi không uống cà phê.
  • Tôi uống không cà phê.
  • Không tôi uống cà phê.

Answer: Tôi không uống cà phê.

Explanation: 'không' should be placed before the verb 'uống'.

Fill in the blank

Fill in the blank: Tôi ____ uống cà phê.

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Answer: Tôi không uống cà phê.

Explanation: The basic position is subject + không + verb or adjective.

English to Vietnamese

Translate "I do not drink coffee." into Vietnamese.

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Answer: Tôi không uống cà phê.

Explanation: Use không in the same structure as the example.

True or false

Is this sentence correct? Tôi uống không cà phê.

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Answer: False

Explanation: 'không' must precede the verb it negates.

Correction

Correct this sentence: Cô ấy đi không làm hôm nay.

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Answer: Cô ấy không đi làm hôm nay.

Explanation: When negating the action 'đi làm', 'không' should be placed before 'đi'.

Related grammar

1:1 online lessons

Want to use the “not” structure naturally?

If you’re studying không, a teacher can help you choose the right word order, tone, and register in conversation. Work with Lam Bui (Northern accent). Ask the teacher about a trial lesson.

Focus:không — “not”