Vietnamese do ... nên Usage (because ... therefore)
do ... nên is commonly used to express 'because ... therefore', essential for learners.
Quick explanation
Quick explanation
do ... nên is commonly used to express 'because ... therefore', essential for learners.
English meanings
- because ... therefore
Grammar pattern
Examples
1
Do trời mưa nên trận đấu bị hoãn.
Because it rained, the match was postponed.
2
Do bận nên tôi trả lời muộn.
Because I was busy, I replied late.
How to use it
do ... nên means 'because ... therefore', more formal and objective than vì ... nên, often seen in announcements, news, and reports.
- do introduces the cause, nên introduces the result.
- Suitable for formal or objective explanations.
- For negative responsibility in casual speech, tại is used; for positive reasons, nhờ is used.
Compared with English
Compared with English
Similar to English 'due to ... therefore', do is more formal and objective than vì.
Common mistakes
Do trời mưa trận đấu.
Do trời mưa nên trận đấu bị hoãn.
After do, a complete result clause with nên is needed.
Do bạn giúp nên tôi đến muộn.
Nhờ bạn giúp nên tôi hoàn thành sớm.
Help from a friend is positive, so nhờ is more appropriate.
Commonly confused grammar
Practice
Multiple choice
Compared to vì ... nên, do ... nên is usually more?
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Multiple choice
Compared to vì ... nên, do ... nên is usually more?
- Formal and objective
- Casual and playful
- Comparative
Answer: Formal and objective
Explanation: do is common in formal or objective explanations.
Fill in the blank
Fill in the blank: ____ trận đấu bị hoãn.
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Fill in the blank
Fill in the blank: ____ trận đấu bị hoãn.
Answer: Do trời mưa nên trận đấu bị hoãn.
Explanation: do introduces the cause, nên introduces the result.
English to Vietnamese
Translate "Because it rained, the match was postponed." into Vietnamese.
Show answer
English to Vietnamese
Translate "Because it rained, the match was postponed." into Vietnamese.
Answer: Do trời mưa nên trận đấu bị hoãn.
Explanation: Use do ... nên in the same structure as the example.
True or false
Is this sentence correct? Do trời mưa trận đấu.
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True or false
Is this sentence correct? Do trời mưa trận đấu.
Answer: False
Explanation: After do, a complete result clause with nên is needed.
Correction
Correct this sentence: Do kẹt xe nên tôi hoàn thành sớm.
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Correction
Correct this sentence: Do kẹt xe nên tôi hoàn thành sớm.
Answer: Tại kẹt xe nên tôi đến muộn.
Explanation: Traffic jam causes a negative result (being late), so tại is more natural.