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Grammar point
B1CommonTopic and FocusNeutralIntermediate

Vietnamese cái mà Usage (The thing that... / What... is)

"cái mà" nominalizes the following content, often introducing "the thing that..."

Quick explanation

Quick explanation

"cái mà" nominalizes the following content, often introducing "the thing that..."

English meanings

  • The thing that...
  • What... is

Grammar pattern

Cái mà + clause + là + focus

Examples

1

Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

What I need is time.

2

Cái mà bạn nói rất quan trọng.

What you said is very important.

How to use it

"cái mà" is commonly used in spoken Vietnamese and explanations to turn an action or content into a topic, with the real focus explained afterward.

  • Nominalizes the following content.
  • Usually followed by "là" to introduce the focus.
  • Very natural in spoken language.

Compared with English

Compared with English

In English, "What I need is time" often lacks explicit nominalization; Vietnamese uses "cái mà tôi cần là thời gian" to nominalize and highlight the focus.

Common mistakes

Tôi cần cái mà là thời gian.

Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

"cái mà" is followed by a modifying clause, then "là" introduces the focus.

Cái tôi cần mà là thời gian.

Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

The fixed expression keeps "mà" after "cái".

Commonly confused grammar

Practice

Multiple choice

Which sentence correctly uses cái mà?

Show answer
  • Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.
  • Tôi cần cái mà là thời gian.
  • Cái tôi cần mà là thời gian.

Answer: Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

Explanation: Nominalizes the content.

Fill in the blank

Fill in the blank: ____ tôi cần là thời gian.

Show answer

Answer: Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

Explanation: Nominalizes the content.

English to Vietnamese

Translate "What I need is time." into Vietnamese.

Show answer

Answer: Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

Explanation: Use cái mà in the same structure as the example.

True or false

Is this sentence correct? Tôi cần cái mà là thời gian.

Show answer

Answer: False

Explanation: "cái mà" is followed by a modifying clause, then "là" introduces the focus.

Correction

Correct the sentence: Tôi cần cái mà là thời gian.

Show answer

Answer: Cái mà tôi cần là thời gian.

Explanation: "cái mà" is followed by a modifying clause, then "là" introduces the focus.

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